Ch 22 Communism

Modern communisim found its political and philisophical roots in 19th century european socialism. Communisim was insprired by Karl Marx, he was a communist but believed in equality, womens right to vote and public education. communisms high point was in the 1970's almost one third of thr worlds populations lived in socities goverened by communist regimes. The soviet union was the largest country in size and china was the largest in population. on page 661 states that reform could be one way of change. The rise of communisim in russia was in 1917 during the revoltion in Russia. The revolution over threw the ruler at the time Tsar Nicholas. Serfs were the lowest level of status in Russia, as a serf you were part of the land and if land was sold you were sold with it. Russia was an agricultural country just like china was. Communisim was spread to E Europe after WW2. Stalin was the leader, he had determined that the soviet security required friendly governements in the region. The rise of communisim rose in China the CCp chinese communist party was led by Mao Zadong, he rose to a position of power. It took China about 28 years to develop, they were also an agricultural country. Stalin was the leader in russia, from the 19020's-1930's. Mao Zedong was was a leader during the 1950's-1960's. they both needed to modernize and industrialized there countrys. The people were loyal to marx ideology. Marx had a utopian vision that many didnt see but liked. His utopian society was during the enlightenment era. Attitude toward women in a communist setting was actually very progressive, the women didnt have to take there husbands last name this was the start of the womens liberation movemenet. In order to liberate the lands, china had the poor take away tools away from the rich, and took away livestock to spread around to others, the people instead would kill there livestock to enjoy with there families. why let it be taken from you, when you can just enjoy the food yourself. there were about 5 million total deaths in Russia and about 2 million in China. China took more time to progress. China spread quickly but achieved better education, they had a higher literacy rate. The standards of living also improved. Both China and Russia were both successful but had totally different outcomes. Russia was fully democratic, they wanted to fight, they didnt care what the outcome was, they needed to achieve there goal. Communisim is still around today in China, Cuba and

Ch 21 Collapse and Recovery of Europe!

The old and new during the 20th century, like most historical periods the 20th century carried on from the past and developed new distinct characteristics. The combination of the new and old is what designed a new era in world history. The world wars played an important rold in the first half of the century. The communist ere is what provides another illistration of the old and the new eras. in novermeber 2005 Alfred anderson died at the age of 109, this is unreal to see someone during this time to have lived until the age of 109. The great war which is now called the first world war is what launched the 20th century. IN 1500 EUROPE HAD ASSUMED a position on the global stage. Europeans modern transformation and its global ascendancy were not accompanied by a growing nity or stablility. The outbreak of the war was an accident in that none of the mojor states planned or predicted the archdukes assasination. The great war was a conflict that shattered almost every expectation., many thought the military would be coming home for christmas but instead it lasted for more the 4 years. The treaty of Versailles which is what ended the war in 1919 and the conditions generated a second world war. The outcomes of the war were not surprising, there were well educateed groups and becasue they were well educated there was a lot of destruction. due the collapse of the german russian and austiran empires, they emerged into a new map of central europe. WW1 brought a short halt ot the womens sufferage movement as well as to womens activities on behalf of international peace. most women actually supported their countries war efforts. The great war brought into existence a number of  new states that were carved out of the old german russian and middle eastern ottoman empires.  Between 1919 and 1945 a new political ideology known as fascisim  found expression across europe. at the level of ideas facism was intensley nationalistic looking to change the people.

Ch 20: colonial Encounters "scramble for Africa"

PG 589-606 & 607-614
During the time of 175- 1914 had many colonial encounters. maintaining racial boundries was a central feature of many colonial socities. For Africans and asians colonial rule by the british, french, germans, italians and others was called a major new element in this historical experience during the time of the 19th century. Many depended on the cultures and past history of various colonized people. Men and women experienced the change differently. What i think is interesting is that not only did men and women see a difference so did educated classes, urban artists, peasant farmers and even laborers. what a diverse group of people to have been affected. By the early 1900's several of the great population centers of asia had come under the colonial control of britian, the netherlands, france, the UNited states and Japan. Europeans had to fight long to create their new empires in order for this to happen they had to attest to many wars. The south pacific territories of Australia dn New Zeland were both taken over by the british during the 19th  century and were similar to the earlier colonization of north america and kept the patterns of Asia. Violence was a huge feature of colonial life during conquest and even after groups and colonies were willing to cooperate. The colonial governements and private missionary organizations had a huge interest in promoting european education. Within African colonies europeans identified themselves and invented tribes each with there own territories. european colonial policies contradicted their own core values and practices. while britian and france were becoming more democratic the european colonies were becoming a dictatorship. many feared that this kind of social change vilified as "detribalization" and would challenge colonial rule. Colonial rule affected many of the peoples lives, tax, land and labor.
The cultivation of cotton was done by turns. each village had an allowed day to work. german east africa imposed the vultivation of cotton. there were a few way of working in colonial societies that involved wage labor, this was driven by a need of money, and a loss of land.
Economic life in european emprires varied from place to place. women had many hardships and men did not. Women were usually known as farmers in most areas but the men were not. As more and more men looked for employment they left their wives to run the house. and domestic economy alone. The women delt with this change in their own way they were moving away emotionally from there husbands and gaining a relationship with there birth families. Western edcation was very important to the minority group. education was obtained through government schools, reading and writting was very rare too see and was said magical power had to help you through this. We have moved forward in so many ways, someone not given the chance to learn to read and write would be crazy. yes an education is not a right but something we all have to to attend and to learn these basic fundamental needs to live!